İlk kez düzenlenen Dünya İnsani Zirvesi’ne ev sahipliği yapan Türkiye, zirve sonrası çatışma bölgelerinde uluslararası insani hukukun uygulanması çağrısında bulunan ve 49 ülkenin katıldığı bildiriye imza vermedi… Diken’in haberine göre, Türkiye’nin imza vermediği bildiride, uluslararası toplumun en önemli gündeminin çatışma bölgelerindeki sivillerin korunması olması gerektiği belirtilip ülkelere ve çatışan silahlı gruplara uluslararası insani hukuka uyarak sivillerin korunmasını sağlama mesuliyetleri hatırlatıldı. Çatışma bölgelerinde sivillerle silahlı taraflar arasında kesin bir ayrım yapılması gerektiği kaydedilen metinde, sivillere doğrudan saldırıların uluslararası hukuk ilkelerinde kesinlikle yasaklanmış olduğu hatırlatıldı. (Bildirinin İngilizce tam metni:Ekli).
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İlk kez düzenlenen Dünya İnsani Zirvesi’ne ev sahipliği yapan Türkiye, zirve sonrası çatışma bölgelerinde uluslararası insani hukukun uygulanması çağrısında bulunan ve 49 ülkenin katıldığı bildiriye imza vermedi.
Zirvenin sonunda çatışma bölgelerindeki ülkelere ve silahlı gruplara uluslararası insani hukukun gözetilmesi çağrılarının yer aldığı bir bildiri yayınlandı. Bildiriye, zirveye katılan 49 ülke imza verdi, ancak ev sahibi Türkiye imza atmaktan imtina etti. Bildiri, ABD’nin Ankara büyükelçiliğinin resmi Twitter adresinden de ‘Uluslararası insani hukukun ve bu hukuka bağlılığın önemini teyit eden Dünya İnsani Zirvesi ortak bildirisi’ başlığıyla paylaşıldı.
Diken’in haberine göre, Türkiye’nin imza vermediği bildiride, uluslararası toplumun en önemli gündeminin çatışma bölgelerindeki sivillerin korunması olması gerektiği belirtilip ülkelere ve çatışan silahlı gruplara uluslararası insani hukuka uyarak sivillerin korunmasını sağlama mesuliyetleri hatırlatıldı.
Çatışma bölgelerinde sivillerle silahlı taraflar arasında kesin bir ayrım yapılması gerektiği kaydedilen metinde, sivillere doğrudan saldırıların uluslararası hukuk ilkelerinde kesinlikle yasaklanmış olduğu hatırlatıldı. Metinde bu nedenle çatışan tüm gruplara sadece siviller değil, hastaneler, kültürel mekanlar, koruma altındaki bölgeler gibi yerlere saldırmama çağrısı yapıldı. Tüm ülkelerden de konvansiyonel silahların ticareti konusunda dahil oldukları uluslararası hukuk ilkeleri doğrultusunda hareket etmeleri istendi.
Türkiye’nin imzalamaktan kaçındığı metindeki dikkat çekici bir çağrı da Birleşmiş milletler ve uluslararası yardım örgütlerinin çatışma bölgelerine girmesi için gerekli koşulların sağlanması yönünde oldu. Devletlere, insani yardımlara tarafsızlık ilkesinde yaklaşması ve çatışma bölgesindeki herkesin sağlık hizmeti alabilmesi yönünde çağrı yapıldı.
Bunun için BM ve insani yardım personellerinin çatışma bölgelerine ‘engelleme olmaksızın’ girmeleri için izin verilmesi, güvenliklerinin sağlanması, personel ve ekipmanlarına zarar verilmemesi istendi.
Bildiriyi imzalayan ülkeler:
Arjantin, Kanada, Avustralya, Çek Cumhuriyeti, Macaristan, Uruguay, Almanya, Mikronezya, Lüksemburg, Fas, Yunanistan, Belçika, Danimarka, Norveç, İsveç, Tayland, Bangladeş, Andorra, Portekiz, Bulgaristan, Hırvatistan, Kıbrıs, El Salvador, Estonya, Finlandiya, Romanya, Haiti, Honduras, İtalya, Güney Kore, Litvanya, Letonya, Makedonya, Malavi, Malta, Moldova, Polonya, San Marino, Seyşeller, Slovenya, Gürcistan, Slovakya, İsrail, Japonya, Katar, Umman, Ukrayna, Büyük Britanya ve Kuzey İrlanda, ABD.
Bildirinin İngilizce tam metni:
“Upholding humanity is at the core of humanitarian action and of the United Nations Charter. Civilians caught in armed conflict are among the world’s most vulnerable people. Protecting the vulnerable from harm and preserving their dignity, in particular by upholding international law and seeking accountability for violations, should be at the very top of the international community’s agenda. We believe the international community must remain committed to the protection of civilians in conflict situations by honoring the full spirit and letter of international law.
We commend those States that have robustly implemented and complied with international humanitarian law and that have instituted policies aimed at the protection of civilians in armed conflict. Nevertheless, we express our deep concern that civilians continue to account for the vast majority of casualties in situations of armed conflict. We remain deeply concerned by lapses in too many cases of respect for the principles and rules of international law, in particular international humanitarian law. We express our outrage that recent armed conflicts have seen a rise in the deliberate commission of violations of international humanitarian law by some non-State armed groups. We, therefore, call upon all parties to armed conflict to comply with their obligations under international humanitarian law. We also reaffirm our commitments to adhere to obligations that contribute profoundly to the protection of civilians during armed conflict. We recall, in particular, the obligation of all parties to armed conflict to take feasible precautions to reduce the risk of harm to civilians.
We recall the obligation of all parties to armed conflict to comply with the principle of distinction. This principle requires that parties distinguish between military objectives, including combatants, on the one hand, and civilians and civilian objects on the other. Further, it is prohibited to direct attacks against the civilian population and other protected persons and objects. We also recall the obligation of all parties to armed conflict not to attack specifically protected objects, such as hospitals and cultural property, unless their protection has been forfeited.
We recall the responsibility of all States, in accordance with their respective international obligations, to effectively regulate the international trade in conventional arms. We support the principle that parties to an armed conflict shall take all feasible precautions in the territory under their control affected by explosive remnants of war to protect the civilian population, individual civilians and civilian objects from the risks and effects of explosive remnants of war.
We reaffirm the principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality, and independence for the provision of humanitarian assistance, and call upon all States, all parties involved in armed conflict, and all humanitarian actors to respect these principles in order to ensure the provision of humanitarian assistance, the safety of civilians receiving such assistance, and the security of humanitarian personnel. We urge all parties involved in an armed conflict to allow full unimpeded access by humanitarian personnel to all people in need of assistance, and to make available, as far as possible, all necessary facilities for their operations, and to promote the safety, security, and freedom of movement of humanitarian personnel.
We express deep concern that the occurrence of attacks and threats against humanitarian personnel, the United Nations, and associated personnel are factors that severely restrict the provision of assistance and protection to populations in need. We urge States and all parties to armed conflict to develop effective measures to prevent and address unlawful violence against such personnel, their means of transport and equipment, as well as hospitals and other medical facilities. We emphasize that acceptance of humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel by the host Governments, local authorities, local communities, populations, and other parties, as appropriate, crucially contributes to their safety and security. We commend the commitment of United Nations and other humanitarian personnel to stay and deliver effectively the most critical programs of assistance even in dangerous environments.
We are gravely concerned that, in many places affected by conflict, access to medical care continues to be severely restricted. We reiterate the need to respect the principle of medical neutrality and to facilitate free passage to all areas for medical personnel, equipment, transport, and supplies, including surgical items.
We are deeply disturbed by the alarmingly high numbers of internally displaced persons throughout the world, for reasons including violations and abuses of human rights and violations of international humanitarian law, armed conflict, persecution, violence, and other reasons, including terrorism, as well as natural and human-made disasters. We note the need for increased awareness by the international community on the issue of internal displacement worldwide, including the situation of millions living in protracted situations of displacement, and the urgency of providing adequate humanitarian assistance to and protection for internally displaced persons.
We welcome the initiatives undertaken by regional organizations, such as the African Union, the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region, the Organization of American States, and the Council of Europe to address the protection, assistance, and development needs of internally displaced persons and to find durable solutions for them. We call upon States, in cooperation with international agencies and other stakeholders, to provide protection and assistance to internally displaced persons, and to seek durable solutions for internally displaced persons in their countries, including their voluntary return in safety and with dignity.
We reiterate our strongest condemnation of all violations of international law committed against or directly affecting civilians. We restate our insistence that all parties to armed conflicts comply strictly with the obligations applicable to them under international humanitarian law, international human rights law, and international refugee law, and emphasize the need for all parties to armed conflict to take all required measures to avoid civilian casualties and to respect and protect civilian populations.”
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